Hydrogels can be made in several different ways. The most common way is to use a chemical reaction. You mix up some appropriate small molecules in water and add something that can initiate the reaction – sometimes this needs to be activated with heat or light. As the reaction progresses, the molecules react to form longer and longer chains until eventually you have something that is a flexible solid rather than a liquid.
I hope this is clear…if not let me know and I’ll try to explain it better!
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